White Balance

Color Temperature
Most light sources are not 100% pure white but have a certain "color temperature", expressed in Kelvin. For instance, the midday sunlight will be much closer to white than the more yellow early morning or late afternoon sunlight. This diagram gives rough averages of some typical light sources.


Type of Light
Color Temperature in K
Candle Flame
1,500
Incandescent
3,000
Sunrise, Sunset
3,500
Midday Sun, Flash
5,500
Bright Sun, Clear Sky
6,000
Cloudy Sky, Shade
7,000
Blue Sky
9,000



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White Balance
White BalanceBy Vincent Bockaert
Color TemperatureMost light sources are not 100% pure white but have a certain "color temperature", expressed in Kelvin. For instance, the midday sunlight will be much closer to white than the more yellow early morning or late afternoon sunlight. This diagram gives rough averages of some typical light sources.

Type of Light
Color Temperature in K
Candle Flame
1,500
Incandescent
3,000
Sunrise, Sunset
3,500
Midday Sun, Flash
5,500
Bright Sun, Clear Sky
6,000
Cloudy Sky, Shade
7,000
Blue Sky
9,000

White Balance
Normally our eyes compensate for lighting conditions with different color temperatures. A digital camera needs to find a reference point which represents white. It will then calculate all the other colors based on this white point. For instance, if a halogen light illuminates a white wall, the wall will have a yellow cast, while in fact it should be white. So if the camera knows the wall is supposed to be white, it will then compensate all the other colors in the scene accordingly.

Most digital cameras feature automatic white balance whereby the camera looks at the overall color of the image and calculates the best-fit white balance. However these systems are often fooled especially if the scene is dominated by one color, say green, or if there is no natural white present in the scene as show in this example.

The auto white balance was unable to find a white reference, resulting in dull and artificial colors.
The auto white balance got it right this time in a very similar scene because it could use the clouds as its white reference.

Most digital cameras also allow you to choose a white balance manually, typically sunlight, cloudy, fluorescent, incandescent etc. Prosumer and SLR digital cameras allow you to define your own white balance reference. Before making the actual shot, you can focus at an area in the scene which should be white or neutral gray, or at a white or gray target card. The camera will then use this reference when making the actual shot.

TIFF

TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) is a universal image format that is compatible with most image editing and viewing programs. It can be compressed in a lossless way, internally with LZW or Zip compression, or externally with programs like WinZip. While JPEG only supports 8 bits/channel single layer RGB images, TIFF also supports 16 bits/channel multi-layer CMYK images in PC and Macintosh format. TIFF is therefore widely used as a final format in the printing and publishing industry.

Many digital cameras offer TIFF output as an uncompressed alternative to compressed JPEG. Due to space and processing constraints only the 8 bits/channel version is used in digital cameras. Higher-end scanners offer a 16 bits/channel TIFF option. If available, RAW is a much better alternative for digital cameras than TIFF.

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Copyright © mzaidi.com

Copyright © mzaidi.com


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